Risk model-based lung cancer screening strategies, which select individuals based on personal risk, are more cost-effective than current recommendations based solely on age and smoking history, according to a study led by the Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) Lung Working Group,1 which includes researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
The findings, published on February 7, 2023, in Annals of Internal Medicine, suggest that incorporating models of personal lung cancer risk should be considered for future recommendations by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).2
“Findings from this study could be considered as a potential guide for the development of cost-effective risk model-based lung cancer screening under various settings and availability of healthcare resources,” said lead investigator Iakovos Toumazis, PhD, Assistant Professor, Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. “While the current recommendations are cost-effective, our findings suggest that we can improve on these guidelines and provide more flexibility to include those most likely to benefit from lung cancer screening.”
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and the second most common cancer diagnosed annually, according to the American Cancer Society. The USPSTF currently recommends annual screening with low-dose computed tomography in adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a 20 pack-a-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years.
In this study, researchers analyzed 2 different risk calculator models. One estimates an individual’s 6-year probability of developing lung cancer, and the other predicts the probability of a person dying from lung cancer within 6 years. In this study, the researchers used simplified versions for both models that considered only age, sex, and smoking-related risk predictors.
The study found that risk model-based screening is cost-effective regardless of which calculator was used, but also emphasized the importance of selecting a risk threshold that is specific to the calculator used. In addition, the researchers identified a range of risk thresholds that, when used to select people for screening, yield more quality-adjusted life years and cost-savings relative to current USPSTF recommendations under various assumptions.
“Our model shows that personal risk-based screening for lung cancer is cost-effective under a wide range of risk thresholds, offering flexibility for implementing risk model-based approaches in a variety of settings that have different healthcare resources available,” Dr Toumazis said.
The research was supported by grants from the National Cancer Institute (U01CA199284, U01CA253858). A full list of collaborating authors and their disclosures can be found with the full paper (www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M22-2216).
References
- National Cancer Institute. Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network. https://cisnet.cancer.gov/. Accessed February 6, 2023.
- Toumazis I, Cao P, de Nijs K, et al. Risk model-based lung cancer screening: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2023 Feb 7. Epub ahead of print.